allChained
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Circulating supply
$565.9M
30D change
+13.4%
Yield
None
NAV
1.0000
Management fees
0.00%
Minimum
$0
Redemption
Intraday
Launched
30 Jun 2022
Field coverage 96%Primary-source or on-chain verified 33% of tracked metrics2/2 source documents analyst-verifiedLast reconciled 13 Nov 2026
Overview

What this product is

The largest euro e-money token, issued from France under MiCA. Its reserve is deposit-heavy by regulation rather than by choice — MiCA requires at least 30% of an EMT reserve to sit in bank deposits, which caps how much of the float can be invested and explains the structural yield gap against dollar equivalents.

Underlying asset
Euro bank deposits and euro-area sovereign treasury bills
Asset class
Stablecoin
Product structure
E-Money Token
Legal structure
EU MiCA E-Money Token
Issuer jurisdiction
European Union flagEuropean Union
Fund domicile
France flagFrance
Base currency
EUR
Launched
30 Jun 2022
Peer set

Comparable products

Products in the same asset class and currency. Yields are quoted on different bases, so check each one before comparing.

EURCthis product0.00%0.00%$0$565.9M
EURCV0.00%0.00%$0$160.2M
SEUR0.00%0.10%$1$48M
EURD0.00%0.00%$0$32M
EURR0.00%0.00%$0$19M
EUROP0.00%0.00%$0$12M
EURQ0.00%0.00%$1$5.5M
Issuer

Who runs it

Circle Internet GroupNew York, United States flagNew York, United States

Issuer of the largest regulated dollar and euro payment stablecoins, licensed on both sides of the Atlantic. Its reserves sit largely in a dedicated government money market fund, which makes it one of the biggest indirect buyers of short-dated Treasuries in the category.

Portfolio

Composition

  • Euro deposits at regulated credit institutions63.2%
  • Euro-area sovereign treasury bills36.8%
Weighted average maturity
21 days
Reserves
Attestation

Reserve composition

What actually backs the float, from the most recent independent attestation.

  • Euro deposits at regulated credit institutionsBank deposits63.2%
  • Euro-area sovereign treasury billsTreasury bills · 0–3 months36.8%
Attestation

Verification history

Attesting firm
Deloitte & Touche LLP
Frequency
monthly
Last attestation
05 Aug 2026
Reserve WAM
21 days

An attestation confirms the reserve existed on a reporting date. It is not an audit, and it says nothing about what a holder legally owns if the issuer fails, that question is answered by the legal structure, not the reserve report.

Risk

Reserve profile

Who holds the reserves, and whether the yield they earn reaches you or stays with the issuer.

Held as bank deposits63.2%

Deposits are unsecured claims on a bank; government securities are not. A higher share means more bank credit exposure inside a product marketed as cash.

Backing type
fiat backed
Yield to holders
Retained by the issuer
Peg currency
EUR
Par redemption access

MiCA grants every holder a par redemption right against the issuer at any time.

On-chain history begins 13 Sept 2026 and covers 60 days of readings, with gaps on days the indexer could not read every chain.

AUM
$565.9M

Assets under management

+13.4% over 60 days held
Yield
0.00%

Yield history. No yield

No on-chain history recorded for this series yet.
NAV
1.0000

NAV per token (stable $1.00)

This fund maintains a constant NAV of EUR 1.00 and distributes yield through token supply rather than price. NAV history is therefore flat by construction; monitor supply and yield instead.

+13.4% over 60 days held
Movement

Recent daily movement

Net movement $66.8MOver 60 daysChange +13.4%
Direction
13 Nov 2026$565.9M-$1.1M-0.2%
12 Nov 2026$567M$2.2M+0.4%
11 Nov 2026$564.8M$7.8M+1.4%
10 Nov 2026$557M$32.1K+0.0%
09 Nov 2026$557M-$5.3M-0.9%
08 Nov 2026$562.3M-$374.2K-0.1%
07 Nov 2026$562.7M-$9.7M-1.7%
06 Nov 2026$572.3M$8.7M+1.5%
05 Nov 2026$563.6M$3.5M+0.6%
04 Nov 2026$560.2M$1.1M+0.2%
Redemption
Terms

Contractual terms

Redemption frequency
Intraday
Dealing cut-off
24/7 for verified accounts; TARGET2 hours for fiat settlement
Settlement
Same-day EUR SEPA for accounts with direct issuer access
Redemption fee
None
Secondary venues
European exchanges, OTC desks, Decentralised exchanges
Transfer restrictions
Freely transferable. Issuer retains a freeze capability for lawful orders.

These are contractual terms from the offering documents. Observed settlement performance and any discretionary accommodation by the manager are explicitly out of scope.

Assessment

Liquidity profile

Primary redemption
Intraday · Same-day EUR SEPA for accounts with direct issuer access
Off-hours exit
Available continuously
Secondary market
European exchanges, OTC desks, Decentralised exchanges
Transferability
Freely transferable after compliance period
Exit fee
No redemption fee
Relationship graph

Operational dependency network

Every firm and system this product relies on. Select any of them to open its profile.

Every counterparty and system this product depends on to function. Each card links to that entity's own profile: the question worth asking of each is what happens to your position if it stops working.

Open in Ecosystem Graph →

Issuance & legal

Who is legally on the hook for this product.

Custody

Where the backing assets actually sit.

Platform & data

The software and price sources the product runs on.

Markets & settlement

Where it trades and how value moves between venues and chains.

Edges marked derived are inferred from a structured field on this product that carries its own source; they are not independent confirmation of it. Edges without that mark were sourced separately from a disclosure naming both parties.

Deployments
Registry

Networks and contracts

Contract / asset id
EthereumPrimarypublic l10x1aBaEA1f7C…4b1bC33c65.7%
Solanapublic l1HzwqbKZw8HxM…7uBEDKtr24.2%
Basepublic l20x60a3E35Cc3…db1adb429.5%
Avalanche C-Chainpublic l10xC891EB4cbd…505c2ACD0.7%
Counterparties

Service providers

If any of these has a problem, this product is affected.

Transfer agent
Not disclosed
Oracle / attestation
Chainlink Proof of Reserve
Access
Classification

Who may hold this

RetailEligible
AccreditedEligible
ProfessionalEligible
InstitutionalEligible
Minimum investment
$0
Allow-list required
No
Transfer restrictions
Freely transferable. Issuer retains a freeze capability for lawful orders.
Geography

Where it is available

United States flagUnited StatesNot available
Singapore flagSingaporeAvailable
United Kingdom flagUnited KingdomNot available
Switzerland flagSwitzerlandNot available
Hong Kong SAR flagHong Kong SARNot available
Explicit prohibitions
  • −Sanctioned jurisdictions

Availability is limited to the jurisdictions in the coverage boundary. Absence here means not covered, not necessarily prohibited. This is a classification of the offering documents, not legal advice.

On-chain activity

Daily value outstanding

Value outstanding as read from the token contracts each day, and the movement between readings. Mints and redemptions are not separable on-chain, so this is the net of both, not gross issuance.

Net movement $66.8MOver 60 daysChange +13.4%
Direction
13 Nov 2026$565.9M-$1.1M-0.2%
12 Nov 2026$567M$2.2M+0.4%
11 Nov 2026$564.8M$7.8M+1.4%
10 Nov 2026$557M$32.1K+0.0%
09 Nov 2026$557M-$5.3M-0.9%
08 Nov 2026$562.3M-$374.2K-0.1%
07 Nov 2026$562.7M-$9.7M-1.7%
06 Nov 2026$572.3M$8.7M+1.5%
05 Nov 2026$563.6M$3.5M+0.6%
04 Nov 2026$560.2M$1.1M+0.2%
03 Nov 2026$559.1M$3.4M+0.6%
02 Nov 2026$555.7M-$57.4K-0.0%
01 Nov 2026$555.8M$1.4M+0.3%
31 Oct 2026$554.4M$3.8M+0.7%
30 Oct 2026$550.6M-$5.1M-0.9%
29 Oct 2026$555.7M$12.9M+2.4%
28 Oct 2026$542.8M-$13.8M-2.5%
27 Oct 2026$556.5M-$1.6M-0.3%
26 Oct 2026$558.1M-$307.3K-0.1%
25 Oct 2026$558.5M-$311.8K-0.1%
24 Oct 2026$558.8M$341.1K+0.1%
23 Oct 2026$558.4M$24.9M+4.7%
22 Oct 2026$533.5M-$7M-1.3%
21 Oct 2026$540.5M-$2.8M-0.5%
20 Oct 2026$543.4M$1.8M+0.3%
19 Oct 2026$541.6M-$3M-0.5%
18 Oct 2026$544.5M$756.6K+0.1%
17 Oct 2026$543.8M$335.5K+0.1%
16 Oct 2026$543.4M$4.6M+0.9%
15 Oct 2026$538.8M$3.4M+0.6%
14 Oct 2026$535.4M-$3.2M-0.6%
13 Oct 2026$538.5M$231.7K+0.0%
12 Oct 2026$538.3M-$1.1M-0.2%
11 Oct 2026$539.4M$212.9K+0.0%
10 Oct 2026$539.2M$2.5M+0.5%
09 Oct 2026$536.7M$5.9M+1.1%
08 Oct 2026$530.7M$978.4K+0.2%
07 Oct 2026$529.7M$1.7M+0.3%
06 Oct 2026$528M$3.7M+0.7%
05 Oct 2026$524.3M-$11M-2.0%
04 Oct 2026$535.3M-$75.8K-0.0%
03 Oct 2026$535.4M$6.1M+1.2%
02 Oct 2026$529.2M$2.4M+0.5%
01 Oct 2026$526.9M$542.8K+0.1%
30 Sept 2026$526.3M$4.2M+0.8%
29 Sept 2026$522.2M$2.7M+0.5%
28 Sept 2026$519.5M-$302.8K-0.1%
27 Sept 2026$519.8M-$37.9K-0.0%
26 Sept 2026$519.8M$2.1M+0.4%
25 Sept 2026$517.7M-$3M-0.6%
24 Sept 2026$520.7M-$6.3M-1.2%
23 Sept 2026$527M$30.4M+6.1%
22 Sept 2026$496.6M-$841.5K-0.2%
21 Sept 2026$497.5M-$1.2M-0.2%
20 Sept 2026$498.7M-$325.6K-0.1%
18 Sept 2026$499M-$873.8K-0.2%
17 Sept 2026$499.9M-$3.1M-0.6%
15 Sept 2026$502.9M$1.6M+0.3%
14 Sept 2026$501.3M$2.2M+0.4%
13 Sept 2026$499.1M--
Related intelligence

22 events reference this product

13 Nov 2026Regulation
Circle hands USDC reserves to EU regulators risking higher fees - CryptoSlate

Circle transitions structural management of USDC reserves to comply with EU regulatory frameworks, raising questions regarding operational cost adjustments and fee structures.

The integration of EU reserve mandates shifts the cost-of-carry profile for regulated stablecoins, potentially compressing net yields for institutional holders or introducing higher operational friction. It demonstrates how hard regulatory compliance under MiCA structurally alters the economics of managing on-chain dollar liquidity within European jurisdictions.

13 Nov 2026Regulation
Circle's USDC Becomes First Stablecoin to Fall Under Direct EBA Supervision in Europe - BigGo Finance

Circle's USDC has become the first stablecoin to fall under direct European Banking Authority (EBA) supervision in Europe, marking a milestone for regulatory compliance under MiCA.

Direct EBA supervision sets a vital regulatory precedent for all tokenized money market funds and stablecoin issuers operating in Europe, establishing strict reserve transparency and operational compliance baselines. This development forces a compliance wedge between MiCA-compliant issuers and non-compliant offshore alternatives, potentially driving institutional liquidity toward fully regulated wrappers.

11 Nov 2026Adoption
Circle Internet Group (CRCL) Expands USDC Payments And Financial Skills Across Africa - Yahoo Finance

Circle expands its USDC payment rails and financial education initiatives across the African market.

Expanding regional payment rails and local integration deepens the emerging market footprint for USDC, directly increasing non-US dollar utility and reinforcing structural network effects against competing stablecoin issuers. This geographical penetration broadens the transactional velocity of the asset class in previously under-served corridor markets.

11 Nov 2026Infrastructure
Deutsche Bank launches crypto custody for companies and institutions

Deutsche Bank rolls out digital asset custody services catering to corporate and institutional clients.

The entry of a major G-SIB into digital asset custody provides the institutional trust and regulatory compliance required for risk-averse asset managers to allocate capital on-chain. This removes a primary operational bottleneck for European financial institutions looking to hold and settle tokenized securities and stablecoins directly through traditional banking channels.

11 Nov 2026Adoption
Circle Brings USDC, EURC to SAP Customers through SAP-Backed Tereina

Circle integrates USDC and EURC stablecoins into enterprise systems for SAP customers via SAP-backed Tereina, expanding institutional payment rails.

This integration embeds stablecoin settlement directly into traditional ERP workflows, removing friction for enterprise liquidity management and treasury operations. By bridging mainstream corporate software with on-chain rails, it accelerates programmatic B2B payments and drives structural demand for compliant euro- and dollar-denominated stablecoins.

11 Nov 2026Infrastructure
Bottomline completes first USDC stablecoin payments with Circle - The Paypers

Bottomline has successfully completed its first live USDC stablecoin payments in collaboration with Circle, integrating enterprise-grade on-chain settlement capabilities.

This production launch validates USDC as a functional enterprise settlement layer, moving stablecoins past speculative trading into corporate treasury operations. It reduces friction for cross-border B2B payments and expands the structural utility of Circle's reserves.

09 Nov 2026Adoption
USDC sets a new annual transaction record on Algorand in 2026

Circle's USDC has achieved a new yearly transaction volume high on the Algorand blockchain network.

Record transaction throughput on alternative layer-1s demonstrates expanding network utility for regulated payment rails. This validates multi-chain issuance strategies for institutional stablecoins, reducing reliance on Ethereum congestion and optimizing gas costs for high-frequency settlement use cases.

09 Nov 2026Infrastructure
Circle Lets Banks Settle in USDC Without Holding Stablecoins - CoinMarketCap

Circle introduces an infrastructure mechanism allowing traditional banking institutions to execute settlement operations denominated in USDC without directly holding or managing the underlying stablecoin inventory.

By removing the balance sheet friction of direct token custody for traditional banking partners, Circle significantly lowers the institutional barrier to entry for on-chain settlement rails. This infrastructure integration directly bypasses traditional correspondent banking settlement bottlenecks, accelerating bank adoption of public blockchain rails without forcing legacy compliance departments to manage crypto-asset inventories.

09 Nov 2026Market Structure
Circle’s USDC Transaction Volume Rises 49% Even as Reserve Income Faces Pressure - TradingView

Circle's USDC transaction volume increased by 49% despite macro pressures affecting reserve yield income.

A 49% surge in on-chain transaction velocity decoupled from reserve income compression highlights increasing organic utility and enterprise settlement adoption for USDC. For institutional market makers and liquidity providers, this structural shift validates USDC as a primary high-velocity settlement wrapper, mitigating concentration risks tied solely to yield-dependent issuance models.

08 Nov 2026Infrastructure
Circle’s CCTP Transfer Volume Surpasses $300 Billion Across Blockchains - TOKENPOST

Circle's Cross-Chain Transfer Protocol (CCTP) has officially achieved a cumulative transfer volume exceeding $300 billion across multiple supported blockchains.

Surpassing $300 billion in native cross-chain volume validates CCTP as a foundational settlement layer for native stablecoin liquidity, bypassing fragmented wrapped bridge risks. This infrastructural dominance reinforces institutional confidence in deploying capital across multi-chain environments without incurring counterparty bridge risk.

08 Nov 2026Capital
Circle Internet Group 3Q Average USDC in Circulation of $73.3B >CRCL - Moomoo

Circle Internet Group reported an average USDC in circulation of $73.3 billion for the third quarter.

Reporting an average circulation of $73.3B demonstrates significant scaling of tokenized collateral within institutional liquidity pools. This metric provides allocators with definitive visibility into the systemic depth and counterparty liquidity of USDC, reinforcing its role as foundational collateral for decentralized finance and institutional tokenized money markets.

08 Nov 2026Regulation
Circle’s reported Binance-linked USDC freeze, explained - NeoTeo

An analysis and breakdown of Circle's freezing of USDC associated with an investigation.

The operational mechanics of stablecoin blacklisting mechanisms directly impact institutional risk management frameworks by demonstrating how smart contract-level administrative keys can intercept billions in settlement capital. This event forces risk committees to re-evaluate the legal and operational dependencies inherent in fiat-referenced tokenized cash equivalents.

07 Nov 2026Adoption
Circle Stock In Focus After ACI Worldwide Deal Brings USDC Settlement To Colombian Banks - Stocktwits

Circle and ACI Worldwide establish a partnership to integrate USDC settlement capabilities for traditional banking institutions in Colombia.

Integrating USDC settlement into traditional banking infrastructure via ACI Worldwide removes significant cross-border friction for Latin American financial institutions. This expansion validates stablecoins as core enterprise settlement rails rather than purely crypto-native instruments, driving sustainable transactional velocity for Circle.

06 Nov 2026Infrastructure
Circle’s Kris Gower makes the case for Arc and USDC in securities lending - Cryptonews.net

Circle executives outline the operational and settlement case for utilizing USDC and the Arc infrastructure layer within traditional securities lending workflows.

Integrating programmable stablecoins into securities lending addresses T+0 settlement bottlenecks and collateral optimization challenges. This positions blockchain rail infrastructure closer to mainstream prime brokerage operations.

05 Nov 2026Market Structure
Euro Stablecoins Added $263 Million in a Year, Up 54%, While Dollar Supply Fell - markets.businessinsider.com

Euro-denominated stablecoins expanded by $263 million (54%) over a one-year period, diverging from declining USD stablecoin issuance trends in certain sectors.

The significant 54% growth in euro stablecoin supply signals a structural rotation toward multi-currency on-chain settlement, driven by MiCA regulatory clarity in Europe. This macro shift impacts cross-border liquidity provisioning and reduces structural concentration risk in USD-denominated digital assets.

05 Nov 2026Product
Circle's cirBTC Targets Institutions in Wrapped Bitcoin Race - CoinMarketCap

Circle has introduced cirBTC, a wrapped Bitcoin product aimed at institutional market participants to compete in the expanding tokenized asset and wrapped BTC landscape.

The entry of Circle into the institutional wrapped Bitcoin market introduces a regulated, bank-grade alternative that directly challenges legacy infrastructure like BitGo's WBTC. This issuance forces institutional allocators to re-evaluate their wrapper risk profiles, potentially fracturing liquidity across competing Bitcoin-backed tokens and establishing new compliance standards for cross-chain collateral.

04 Nov 2026Market Structure
USDC Volume Up 49%, Circle Revenue Reaches US$865 Million

Circle reported strong financial results with a 49% increase in USDC transaction volume and total revenue reaching $865 million, reflecting growing institutional adoption and on-chain liquidity utilization.

The expansion in USDC volume and robust corporate revenue reinforce Circle's market share in compliant on-chain settlement rails. For institutional allocators, this signals deep underlying liquidity and operational sustainability, reducing counterparty risk for firms relying on regulated stablecoins for tokenized asset transactions and cross-border treasury management.

04 Nov 2026Capital
Circle beats earnings and revenue estimates on soaring USDC transaction volume - CoinDesk

Circle reported strong Q3 earnings driven by significantly increased USDC transaction volumes and revenue expansion.

Soaring transaction volumes validate USDC's deepening utility as the primary settlement asset for on-chain capital markets and tokenized treasury distribution. This growth reinforces Circle's network effects against competing stablecoins, solidifying its position as a critical institutional liquidity rail.

03 Nov 2026Infrastructure
ACI Worldwide and Circle Test USDC Settlement in Colombia - Payments Industry Intelligence

ACI Worldwide and Circle have initiated testing for USDC-based payment settlement infrastructure in Colombia.

This pilot marks a critical expansion of institutional-grade stablecoin infrastructure into Latin American emerging markets, bridging traditional payment rails with public-chain settlement. Successful cross-border testing by established software providers like ACI validates USDC as a viable operational currency for regional enterprises, driving real-world utility beyond crypto-native exchanges.

03 Nov 2026Adoption
USDC Fees Drop 50% for MetaMask Users on Base Network

MetaMask and Base implement a 50% reduction in transaction fees for users transferring and interacting with USDC on the Base network.

Reducing friction for USDC transactions on Layer 2 networks directly lowers the cost of capital deployment and cross-border settlement for retail and institutional participants alike. This structural reduction in gas overhead accelerates liquidity migration toward high-throughput rollup infrastructure.

02 Nov 2026Infrastructure
Noble USDC Holders Face New Migration Phase as CCTP Limits Start Winding Down - TradingView

Noble-based USDC holders encounter a new migration phase as Cross-Chain Transfer Protocol (CCTP) operational limits wind down.

The lifting of CCTP transfer caps removes structural friction for cross-chain liquidity routing, enabling seamless native USDC movement out of the Cosmos ecosystem. This directly enhances capital efficiency and mitigates bridge-associated wrapped asset risks for institutional allocators.

02 Nov 2026Market Structure
Morgan Stanley cuts Circle Internet Group stock price target on USDC growth concerns - Investing.com

Morgan Stanley has revised its price target for Circle Internet Group downward, citing growth concerns surrounding the USDC stablecoin.

Tier-1 bank downgrades on issuer valuation metrics signal broader macroeconomic skepticism regarding stablecoin yield compression and top-line growth potential. This institutional sentiment shift could influence venture funding rounds and alter allocator risk appetite for USDC-centric yields.